1. Anuradhapura – The Ancient Capital of Kings

One of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Anuradhapura was Sri Lanka’s first capital and remains a spiritual epicenter for Buddhists worldwide. Founded in the 4th century BCE, it was a political and religious powerhouse for over a millennium.

Must-visit highlights:

• Sri Maha Bodhi Tree: Said to be grown from a cutting of the Bodhi tree under which the Buddha attained enlightenment. Pilgrims from all over the world come here to pay homage.

• Ruwanwelisaya Stupa: A massive white dagoba that embodies architectural grandeur and spiritual significance.

• Jetavanaramaya: Once among the tallest structures in the ancient world, this stupa is a marvel of ancient engineering.

• Isurumuniya Temple: Known for its rock carvings, including the famous “Lovers of Isurumuniya.”

Tip: Hire a knowledgeable local guide for historical context — it will deepen your appreciation of the ruins.

2. Polonnaruwa – The Medieval Marvel

Following the fall of Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa became the next great kingdom in the 11th century. Smaller and more compact than Anuradhapura, Polonnaruwa is easier to explore and showcases some of the finest examples of Sri Lankan stone carving and city planning.

Key attractions:

• Gal Vihara: An awe-inspiring group of four Buddha statues carved into a single granite rock — one of the masterpieces of Buddhist sculpture.

• Royal Palace of King Parakramabahu: Once a majestic seven-storey building, its ruins still echo the power of Polonnaruwa’s golden age.

• Parakrama Samudra: A massive man-made lake built to reflect the ingenuity of ancient Sri Lankan hydraulic engineering.

Pro Tip: Rent a bicycle to explore the ancient city at your own pace.

3. Sigiriya – The Lion Rock Fortress

Often dubbed the “Eighth Wonder of the World,” Sigiriya is an ancient rock fortress that rises dramatically out of the Central Province’s plains. Built by King Kasyapa in the 5th century, it was a palace, pleasure garden, and fortress — all rolled into one.

Must-see highlights:

• The Lion’s Gate: The massive paws at the entrance of the final climb give the rock its name.

• Sigiriya Frescoes: Stunning ancient paintings of celestial maidens, still vibrant after 1,500 years.

• Mirror Wall: Covered in ancient graffiti, some of which date back to the 8th century.

• Summit Ruins: Remains of the palace, with panoramic views of the jungle and countryside below.

Fun Fact: The gardens at the base are considered one of the oldest landscaped gardens in the world.

4. Dambulla Cave Temple – A Spiritual Sanctuary

Just a short drive from Sigiriya lies the sacred city of Dambulla. The Dambulla Cave Temple, or the Golden Temple of Dambulla, is the largest and best-preserved cave temple complex in Sri Lanka.

Highlights include:

• Five Cave Temples: Adorned with over 150 statues of Buddha and intricate murals covering the ceilings and walls.

• Golden Buddha Statue: A massive golden Buddha that welcomes visitors at the entrance.

• Views: Panoramic vistas from the temple entrance make the climb even more worthwhile.

Spiritual Note: Remember to dress modestly when visiting this sacred site.

5. Kandy – The Cultural Capital

Though technically not part of the original Cultural Triangle, Kandy is often included due to its immense spiritual and cultural importance.

Don’t miss:

• Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa): Home to Sri Lanka’s most sacred Buddhist relic — a tooth of the Buddha.

• Kandy Esala Perahera: A spectacular annual procession of dancers, drummers, and decorated elephants.

• Royal Botanical Gardens: A lush retreat in Peradeniya with over 4,000 plant species.

Cultural Etiquette and Responsible Tourism Tips

• Respect sacred sites: Remove hats and shoes, and dress modestly when visiting temples and stupas.

• Avoid climbing on ruins: These are ancient sites that deserve preservation and respect.

• Hire local guides: Not only do you support the local economy, but you also gain valuable historical insights.

• Stay eco-conscious: Avoid plastic, don’t litter, and respect wildlife.

Suggested Itinerary for the Cultural Triangle (5–7 days)

Day 1–2: Arrive in Anuradhapura → Explore sacred sites
Day 3: Drive to Polonnaruwa via Mihintale → Visit Polonnaruwa ruins
Day 4: Sigiriya Lion Rock climb → Evening in Dambulla
Day 5: Explore Dambulla Cave Temple → Head to Kandy
Day 6–7: Temple of the Tooth → Cultural Show → Botanical Gardens